Showing posts with label healthcare. Show all posts
Showing posts with label healthcare. Show all posts

January 22, 2018

From Sleep Researcher to Consultant to Entrepreneur

Meet Els van der Helm the ‘Sleep Geek’; Neuroscientist and founder of Shleep - the sleep company

You hold a Master and a PhD in Neuroscience. Would you tell us more about your background?
I’ve always been fascinated by sleep. I read a book by Prof. Bill Dement from Stanford when I was in high school which taught me about the magic of sleep and also the taboo around it: that we associate it with being lazy or less ambitious. That really inspired me to study clinical neuropsychology and neuroscience. So during my Master on these topics, I started to do sleep research, first at the Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience in Amsterdam and then at Harvard, looking at the effect of sleep in emotional processing. And then I went on to do my PhD at UC Berkeley, looking at the effect of sleep on our brain.

Els van der Helm, sleep expert and founder of Shleep
 How was your transition from the PhD to becoming a McKinsey consultant?
I really enjoyed doing sleep research and learning about it, but at the same time I realized that doing neuroimaging is very technical and not necessarily my passion. I also missed working in a team and having a more direct impact. I really wanted to help people and the slow pace of academia didn’t fit me. So I decided to make a change and go into business and learn more about the rest of the world, beyond academia.

How was your experience as a business consultant for almost 3 years?
The beginning was quite rough in some ways and quite easy in others. Starting with the roughness: there is much more time pressure on what you are doing. I remember having meetings with my manager and instead of saying ‘I’ll see you in a week’, which was kind of the pace in academia, the answer would be ‘OK, let’s see in two hours where you are’. So, suddenly, you’re doing everything under time pressure. And for me it really meant that I still had a lot to learn about time management and organizational skills. I also had to share my documents with the rest of the team and the clients, whereas in academia it was much more individual: I could make a mess, as long as I could understand it. So the biggest changes for me were the change in pace and the level of focus that it required. It was much more intense. Also, I was at the client’s site the whole day and couldn’t for example go work out in the middle of the day if I wanted to, as I was able to do during my PhD. That was quite rough, to be honest. It was a very different way of working that I needed to learn. Different skills were required and these weren’t skills that you just get within 2 or 3 weeks. I would say I really got the hang of it when I was doing the work for about 9 to 12 months. And that’s quite normal, but coming in after a PhD or a post-doc as opposed to after a Master or a Bachelor’s degree, you expect more of yourself. So for me it was a humbling journey, having to develop all of those new skills, basically a 'consultant's toolbox'. This toolbox is not just critical in consulting, but helpful in any type of job. I also enjoyed the fact that you work in a team, you get so much feedback, training and support around you, which I didn’t really experience during my PhD. So my learning curve was a lot steeper than it had been in academia. I felt like I was using my time better. It was always a different project, team, manager, client, and industry. In consulting, every year feels like a ‘dog year’: it’s worth 7 years! (laughs) So it’s a rough transition but I’d say well worth it. You develop yourself very quickly and it’s a unique experience. There were things I loved and things I was less happy about, but overall, a very positive experience.

What motivated you to make the career change of leaving consulting in a big firm to starting your own company?
It was never really my goal to stay in consulting forever. For me, it was all about purpose. I really wanted to focus more on something I’m really passionate about. The funny thing is that when I joined McKinsey I didn’t think I would ever do anything with sleep again, but not working on sleep anymore made me realize how much I missed it, and how passionate I was about the topic. Perhaps in academia I wasn’t working on the topic in the right way: it was very technical and very slow, which I didn’t really enjoy. When I started as a consultant, I also quickly realized that, for me, business problems are really not as interesting as neuroscience and the brain. But I did really love being in the business world and interacting with people who are really smart, care about their own performance and are very ambitious. In McKinsey, we received a lot of training: in time management, stress, leadership... But never ever did the word ‘sleep’ come up. Knowing how critical sleep is for learning, attention, stress reactivity and developing new insights, I felt that was a major topic missing. 
 'IT STARTED AS MY HOBBY AND THEN GREW INTO A COMPANY'
That really inspired me to start giving sleep workshops for my colleagues and McKinsey clients. It was so much fun and there was so much interest. Giving these workshops made me realize how I could work with the topic of sleep in a way that fits me much better: translating science into practical advice (which I wasn’t really doing in academia) and seeing a direct impact on the people I was working with. That was something I cared about much more than being a consultant. It started as my hobby while at McKinsey but I really made that grow and carved out a space for myself, as the internal sleep expert. It was almost like a testing ground for me, or an incubator, where I could test my ideas, get feedback, and grow my network and skill set. So I decided to leave and started my own business, called Shleep, in 2016.

Can you please tell us more about Shleep? What are its products and who are its clients?
Our mission is to help the world sleep better. We help organizations improve their performance by improving the sleep of their leaders and employees. For this, we offer a number of products and services. We design sleep programs for companies, which means that we help them develop approaches to put sleep on the map and really embrace it in their culture, so that all employees know how important sleep is and can prioritize it better. This way, they perform better, are happier and healthier. Some other services we offer are online assessments, in-person workshops, one-on-one coaching, webinars, and we’ve developed a digital sleep coaching app that will be launched soon in the App Store, so it will also be available for individual consumers. Examples of our corporate clients are McKinsey, Deloitte, Spotify, social network companies, pharmaceutical companies, law firms, startups, amongst others. Our startup team is quite international. The office is based in Amsterdam, along with our marketing guru, Tom, and myself. My co-founder, Jöran Albers (the ‘business guy’), is based in Munich, our developer is from Switzerland but lives in the Netherlands, and Elena, a circadian rhythms PhD, is based in Canada.

http://www.shleepbetter.com/


What advice would you give to current Master and PhD students in Neuroscience who would like to leave academia?
Join our company for an internship! (laughs) I’m laughing, but I’m actually serious! What is great about our startup is that we have experience in management consulting (two people in our team) and we really use these skills in the way we run our company and develop our employees, which we are very much focused on. At the same time, you can get the startup experience, where things change very quickly, we re-prioritize all the time, things are up and down, exciting, moving fast. And we’re translating science into practical advice and products on a daily basis.
 'YOU REALLY HAVE TO DO SOMETHING THAT YOU CARE ABOUT'
Other types of advice: you really have to do something that you care about, that you’re happy to wake up for in the morning. Figure out what it is that drives you. It’s not easy. It took me a while to figure out that for me it was sleep. But look back at your life and think about some of the key moments when you were really happy, inspired or content with what you were doing. Pinpoint moments when you really enjoyed or didn’t enjoy doing something, instead of trying to imagine what you would enjoy doing, because a lot of things aren’t really like what they seem to be. And focus on your own strengths. Ask people around you what you’re good at, what they think is special about you, so you can leverage those strengths. And reach out to people in different jobs, ask if you could meet them for a coffee or talk to them for a few minutes on the phone to ask some career questions. It can be incredibly helpful to get some inside information. I wish you all the best figuring it out!


by Mariana Cerdeira, PhD Student AG Harms

January 10, 2018

Age and Aging Societies

It is common knowledge that Western societies are facing demographic change. But why is it a problem everyone is concerned about?

Germany's Demographics 
Demography is the social science dealing with statistical measures of populations, including humans. It analyzes several features of populations (including age, health, reproduction as well as migration, education and religion) in order to extrapolate future development. In Germany, the Federal Statistical Office which monitors demographics, estimated the number of inhabitants in 2014 to be more than 80 million people (the 16th most populous country in the world). The estimated average life expectancy is 81 years and the fertility rate is 1.4 children per woman [1] (in contrast to Somalia where life expectancy is less than 50 years and the fertility rate is 6.4 [2]).

Paying it Backward? 
These numbers summarize what the demographic change looks like: higher life expectancy with fewer births. People live longer due to better hygiene and medical care. In addition, the more young people are educated and socio-economically situated, the fewer children they have. This is called the demographic-economic paradox [3]. Especially in Germany, the demographic change is critical as the social and health insurance systems are based on an idea called the intergenerational contract (Generationenvertrag). This system, implemented after the Second World War, required jobholders to pay taxes into a pay-as-you-go system to provide financial security for a limited number of elderly retirees [4].
Back then, considering the shape of Germany's population pyramid, the system made sense. People born in these years (1945 -1965) are today commonly referred to as baby boomers [5], which justifies this concept. However, birth rates dropped steadily by 1967, plateauing since 1990 to their current levels. But, low birth rates do not keep people from aging, they only lead to fewer people taking care of an increasing number of older people. Thus, aging of the population is a socio-economic problem, which has to be addressed by significant changes in the financing of social pension programs.

Bevoelkerungsentwicklung DeutschlandAdapted from Wikipedia bit.ly/1PMBcCr


Healthcare and Aging Populations 
Retirees are getting older: With improved medical care, the life expectancy at birth rose from an average 50 years in 1900 to an average 78 years in 2008, with women living several years longer than men [6]. Unfortunately, most people do not remain healthy in old age, but develop several age-related comorbidities.
This adds to the socio-economic costs of an aging society, as healthcare burdens increase, with rising costs and a lack of staff. To make things worse, the diseases of the elderly will be accompanied not only by an increase in the number of cases, but also an increase in complexity. Although personalized therapy is a promising solution for many diseases, it requires more extensive diagnostics – this eventually leads to imbalances in the ratio of workload to qualified personnel in the medical sector [7].
In addition, the changes in household structure also play a major role in the outbreak and spreading of infections. In the olden days, families were large and infections spread easily, whereas now families are much smaller. Today, however, those opposed to vaccination ("anti-vaxxers") make society susceptible to explosive outbreaks of numerous diseases [8]. 

Bevölkerungspyramide
data source: Statistisches Bundesamt

Familial Trends 
Demographic change does not solely affect societies: it also affects the family by changing its composition. In the 19th century, only a minor proportion of young adults got to know their grandparents. Today, about 80% of people have at least one living grandparent. This causes an increasing demand to nurse the elderly generation, which threatens individuals’ financial, psychological and physical abilities [6]. Thanks to improvements in gender equality and the education of women, the mean age at first childbirth has increased from 21 years in the 1970s to 25 years today. Together, these factors cause a “crunch” situation for people in their 50s and 60s where raising their children and caring for their own parents compete [6]. 
Demographic change also affects how family members interact and take care of each other: As families become smaller, parents distribute their money and time more equally among their offspring and grandchildren [6].
Demographic change may appear to be a problem of Western countries, but it is definitely a global one. Ten years ago, the WHO reported a global mean age of 27.6 years, with 10% of the population being older than 60 years. By 2050, the United Nations expects the mean age to be 38 years with 22% of people being older than 60. Further, the proportion of children is predicted to decrease from 30% to less than 20% [9]. The socio-economic impact of these changes cannot be ignored.

[1] bit.ly/1ScMbK1 
[2] http://bit.ly/1PSObsc 
[3] bit.ly/1PMdwy2 
[4] http://bit.ly/1KUTobt 
[5] http://bit.ly/1JVUjxq 
[6] Seltzer and Bianchi, Annu Rev Sociol, 2013 
[7] Warth et al., Virchows Arch, 2015
[8] Geard et al., Epidemics, 2015 
[9] http://bit.ly/1Is6Qaq 

by Bettina Schmerl, PhD student AG Shoichet
This article originally appeared 2016 in CNS Volume 9, Issue 1, The Aging Brain